landscape
landform
geomorphology
hydrologic cycle
evapotranspiration
surface runoff:
sheet (overland)
stream (channeled)
ground water
P = ET + R + G
interception
surface detention
infiltration
porosity
permeability
particle sizes:
gravel, sand, silt, clay
"quick" clays (open texture)
capillary action
soil water
unsaturated (vadose) zone
saturated (phreatic) zone
water table
effluent vs influent streams
cone of depression
ground water recharge
confined aquifer
aquiclude
drainage system
drainage divide
drainage basin (watershed)
stream discharge (Q = A V)
gauging station
stream hydrograph
base flow
reservoir management
annual water balance by
latitude zones

mineral
rock (igneous, sedimentary,
metamorphic)
felsic mineral/igneous rock
mafic mineral/igneous rock
ultramafic rock
extrusive (volcanic) igneous rock
intrusive (plutonic) igneous rock
weathering: physical & chemical
frost/salt crystal action
clay minerals
regolith
carbonic acid
clastic sedimentary rocks
carbonates (limestone and dolostone)
evaporites

denudation: mass movement, erosion,
solution weathering
granular disintegration
rock shattering
spalling, exfoliation
flow (earth, mud)
slide (land, rock)
heave (soil creep, solifluction)
slump
cuesta, hogback
talus, talus apron
karst topography
caves, caverns
sinkholes
blind valleys
disappearing streams
springs
travertine
dissolution/deposition
stalactites, stalagmites

granite/rhyolite
gabbro, basalt
sandstone, shale, limestone
quartzite, slate, marble
shist, gneiss